Today's Editor:
David S. Bindel
Cornell University
bindel@cornell.edu
Today's Topics:
Upcoming changes to NA-Digest platform
Phil Roe passed away
GAMM ANLA Annual Workshop, Sept, 2026, Magdeburg (Germany)
Workshop on Approx Comp in N(M)LA, Sept, 2026, Magdeburg (Germany)
Call for submissions, The Central States Section of SIAM Annual Meeting, October 2026
AI-Focused Workshop, Manchester, 15th-17th September 2026
AI Winter School, Bristol, January 2027, UK
ICOSAHOM 2027, July 5-9, 2027, Politecnico di Milano (deadline July 31, 2026)
Faculty Position in Mathematical Optimization, University of Antwerp, Belgium (deadline 16 July 2026 )
PhD Studentship in Advanced Mathematical Modelling and Machine Learning, UK
Contents, Iranian J Numerical Analysis and Optimization, 16 (2)
Contents, AIMS New Volume: CAC Vol. 9
Contents EECT vol 21, July 2026
Contents, AIMS New Volume: EECT Vol. 22
Contents, AIMS New Volume: IPI Vol. 26
See this issue of NA Digest on the web at:
https://na-digest.coecis.cornell.edu/na-digest-html/26/v26n23.html
Submissions, FAQs, and archives:
https://na-digest.coecis.cornell.edu/
-------------------------------------------------------
From: David Bindel bindel@cornell.edu
Date: June 05, 2026
Subject: Upcoming changes to NA-Digest platform
Cornell University is phasing out Lyris (the platform we have used to run NA
Digest) in favor of Simplelists. Within the next two weeks, we expect to
transition over the NA Digest list. The rollout has been smooth for other lists,
so we expect no disruptions. You may receive one pair of emails (to the old and
new services) to confirm functionality.
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Christian Klingenberg christian.klingenberg@uni-wuerzburg.de
Date: May 31, 2026
Subject: Phil Roe passed away
Phil Roe passed away on April 26, 2026, just over a week shy of his
88th birthday.
Phil’s strong will, that lasted until the end of his life,
scientifically is reflected in his independent and unique way of
thinking. An illustration is his view late in life of 2 and 3-dim
compressible Euler flow as a splitting between nonlinear advection and
the spread of information (which he called acoustics) in this moving
framework. An early incarnation of this insight (where to distribute
the fluctuations to, in a moving frame) in one space dimension was his
Riemann solver published in 1981. After this Roe solver his attempt to
find a multi- dimensional analogue lead him first to pursue residual
distribution. When Phil was in his mid-seventies these thoughts
culminated in him devising his Active Flux concepts - ideas that are
now inspiring the work of various groups mainly in Europe.
Of course there were many more important contributions of his, which
he typically shared generously. An example are his contributions to
computing MHD (his scaling of the eigensystem; noticing with Powell
the usefulness of Godunov’s symmetrization). His British pragmatism
coupled with deep insight lead to successful tools in computational
practice that really worked. Phil Roe made a profound and enduring
influence on the computational fluid mechanics community. He has been
an inspiration for many, we shall deeply miss him.
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Eda Oktay oktay@mpi-magdeburg.mpg.de
Date: June 05, 2026
Subject: GAMM ANLA Annual Workshop, Sept, 2026, Magdeburg (Germany)
REMINDER FOR PARTICIPATION and ABSTRACT SUBMISSION:
26th Annual Workshop of the GAMM Activity Group on Applied Numerical
Linear Algebra (ANLA) will be held on September 3-4, 2026 in Magdeburg
Germany.
This workshop focuses on recent advances in numerical linear algebra
methods and their use in applied mathematics, physics, engineering and
data science. We welcome contributions on topics including but not
limited to solution of eigenvalue problems, matrix equations, linear
systems, and tensor methods.
Registration is required for participation. Further details, including
registration and abstract submission information, are available at:
https://indico3.mpi-magdeburg.mpg.de/event/58/
Abstract Submission Deadline: July 31, 2026
Registration Deadline: August 15, 2026
Invited Speakers:
- John Pearson
- Elias Jarlebring
- Matea Ugrica Vukojević
We highlight that the Workshop on Approximate Computing in (Multi-)
Linear Algebra will also be held in Magdeburg between August 31 and
September 2, 2026. We encourage you to save these dates and
participate in the meeting:
https://indico3.mpi-magdeburg.mpg.de/event/59/
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Eda Oktay oktay@mpi-magdeburg.mpg.de
Date: June 05, 2026
Subject: Workshop on Approx Comp in N(M)LA, Sept, 2026, Magdeburg (Germany)
LAST CALL FOR PARTICIPATION and ABSTRACT SUBMISSION:
Workshop on Approximate Computing in Numerical (Multi-)Linear Algebra
will be held from 31 August to 2 September 2026 in Magdeburg, Germany.
The goal of this workshop is to bring experts on analysis, application
and implementation of inexact numerical linear and multi-linear
algebra algorithms. The topics include: low-rank approximations,
reduced/mixed precision computations, randomization, and communication
avoiding algorithms in tensor or matrix algebra. We are also featuring
a panel discussion to discuss how approximate computing has been and
can be applied in academia and research institutions.
Registration is required for participation. Further details, including
registration and abstract submission information, are available at:
https://indico3.mpi-magdeburg.mpg.de/event/59/
Abstract Submission Deadline: June 14, 2026
Registration Deadline: June 14, 2026
Invited Speakers:
Daniel Kressner, EPFL
James Nagy, Emory University
Lukas Einkemmer, University of Innsbruck
Katharina Kormann, Ruhr University Bochum
Francoise Tisseur, University of Manchester
Zlatko Drmac, University of Zagreb
Jennifer Sctott, STFC RAL
Panelists:
Erik Boman, Sandia NL
Erin Carson, Charles University
Markus Rampp, MPCDF
Enrique Quintana-Orti, Universitat Politècnica de València
We highlight that the Annual Meeting of GAMM ANLA will also be held in
Magdeburg on September 3-4, 2026. We encourage you to save these dates
for the meeting: https://indico3.mpi-magdeburg.mpg.de/event/58/
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Songting Luo luos@iastate.edu
Date: June 05, 2026
Subject: Call for submissions, The Central States Section of SIAM Annual Meeting, October 2026
Dear Colleagues,
The 11th SIAM CSS Annual Meeting (2026) will be held at the Jackson State
University, Jackson, Mississippi, on October 10-11, 2026. The conference
website is https://sites.google.com/view/siam-css-2026/home
Currently, we are soliciting submissions of Minisymposium Proposals,
Contributed Talks and Poster Presentations.
Please note the following deadlines:
Mini-symposium proposal: due August 16, 2026
Contributed talk and poster: due August 16, 2026
Financial support application: due August 16, 2026
Early bird conference registration: due September 08, 2026
(SIAM is currently finalizing the registration site, and it will be available very
soon)
Abstract submission: due September 08, 2026
If you have any questions, please contact the conference organizers at
caixia.chen@jsums.edu
We look forward to seeing you in Jackson in October!
Best Regards,
Songting Luo
on behalf of Local Organizing Committee and SIAM CSS Officers
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Catherine Powell catherine.powell@manchester.ac.uk
Date: June 04, 2026
Subject: AI-Focused Workshop, Manchester, 15th-17th September 2026
There will be an AI-focused workshop at the University of Manchester
(UK) on 15th-17th September. Details of the event, a full list of
speakers, and a registration form are available at
https://probai.ac.uk/events/event/?id=85cc02e2-18ef-406b-8e19-f883495383e9
Workshop topics include:
- Operator Learning for PDEs
- Structure-Informed/Preserving ML
- Normalizing Flows & Flow-Based Generative Models
- Bayesian LLMs
- Applications of Probabilistic AI
There is a nominal registration fee of £100 to cover catering.
— Catherine Powell
(On behalf of ProbAI Hub Leadership Team).
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Catherine Powell catherine.powell@manchester.ac.uk
Date: June 04, 2026
Subject: AI Winter School, Bristol, January 2027, UK
The next ProbAI Hub Winter School will take place at the University of
Bristol on 5th-8th January 2027. Details and an application form are
available at:
https://probai.ac.uk/events/event/?id=407a03e5-a96f-4e78-99a9-2bc6ed3ae5f0
The event is primarily aimed at PhD students and early career
researchers, and we encourage participation from those working in a
broad range of mathematical disciplines.
Invited speakers:
• Sara Magliacane, University of Amsterdam
• Anna Korba, ENSAE
• Alex Townsend, Cornell University
• Chengchun Shi, London School of Economics
• Giovanni Stabile, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
• Mark van der Wilk, University of Oxford
Topics covered:
• Causality
• Computational Optimal Transport
• Operator Learning
• Reinforcement Learning
• Machine Learning for PDEs
• Neural Processes
Places are limited, so please apply in good time to secure a place if
interested.
--- Catherine Powell
(On behalf of ProbAI Hub Leadership Team)
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Paola F. Antonietti paola.antonietti@polimi.it
Date: June 01, 2026
Subject: ICOSAHOM 2027, July 5-9, 2027, Politecnico di Milano (deadline July 31, 2026)
Dear Colleagues,
We are pleased to announce the second call for minisymposium proposals
for ICOSAHOM 2027 - 16th International Conference on Spectral and
High-Order Methods, which will be held at Politecnico di Milano,
Italy, from 5–9 July 2027.
MS Submission Deadline: July 31, 2026
Submission Link: https://icosahom2027.org/submissions
Each minisymposium consists of at least one session (four
presentations). We warmly invite researchers to submit minisymposium
proposals and contribute to the conference's scientific program.
ICOSAHOM 2027 is a satellite meeting of the 11th International
Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM), which will be
held in The Hague, The Netherlands, from 12–16 July 2027
(https://iciam2027.org).
The conference has received the patronage of SIMAI, the Italian
Society for Applied and Industrial Mathematics.
Please circulate this call among colleagues who may be interested in
organizing a minisymposium at ICOSAHOM 2027.
Conference official website: https://icosahom2027.org/
For any inquiries, please contact us at: icosahom2027-dmat@polimi.it
We look forward to receiving your MS proposals and welcoming you to
Milano!
ICOSAHOM 2027 Conference Co-Chairs
Paola F. Antonietti, Nicola Parolini, Marco Verani
(MOX Laboratory, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano)
On behalf of the Organizing Committee
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Wim Vanroose wim.vanroose@uantwerpen.be
Date: June 02, 2026
Subject: Faculty Position in Mathematical Optimization, University of Antwerp, Belgium (deadline 16 July 2026 )
Dear colleagues,
The Department of Mathematics at the University of Antwerp (Belgium)
invites applications for a full-time senior academic staff position
(ZAP) in Mathematical Optimization.
We are seeking a researcher who will develop, analyze, and implement
optimization methods for contemporary scientific problems and
industrial applications. An interest in financial and actuarial
applications is considered an asset. The successful candidate will
build an independent research line within the Applied Mathematics
group, supervise PhD students and postdocs, acquire national and
international funding, and teach optimization courses in the Bachelor
and Master of Mathematics programmes (teaching load: 24 ECTS).
Profile
PhD in Mathematics, Mathematical Engineering, Operational Research, or
equivalent
Several years of postdoctoral experience (or equivalent)
Strong publication record in applied mathematics, international
collaborations, and a track record in securing research funding
Teaching experience at Bachelor and Master level
The appointment level (assistant, associate, or full professor) is
based on experience and qualifications. Junior candidates are
typically offered a five- year tenure-track assistant professorship
leading to a permanent associate professorship. The position includes
an attractive starter package: a four-year PhD project and €15,000 in
consumables.
Non-Dutch speakers can teach initially in English and/or Dutch, with
language support provided. Most work takes place at Campus Middelheim.
Start date: 1 January 2027 (or as soon as possible thereafter)
Application deadline: 16 July 2026 (midnight Brussels time)
https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/jobs/vacancies/academic-staff/?q=4387&descr=Senior-academic-staff-in-mathematical-optimization
Applications (motivation letter, ZAP application appendix, and
academic CV) are submitted via the University of Antwerp online job
platform.
For questions about the position, contact Prof. Tim Verdonck, Chair of
the Department of Mathematics (tim.verdonck@uantwerpen.be). For
questions about the application form: jobs@uantwerpen.be.
Please feel free to forward to interested candidates.
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Amirreza Khodadadian a.khodadadian@keele.ac.uk
Date: June 03, 2026
Subject: PhD Studentship in Advanced Mathematical Modelling and Machine Learning, UK
PhD Studentship in Advanced Mathematical Modelling and Machine Learning
Keele University, United Kingdom
Applications are invited for a fully funded PhD studentship in
Advanced Mathematical Modelling and Machine Learning within the School
of Computer Science and Mathematics at Keele University.
The project focuses on the development of next-generation
mathematical, computational, and data-driven methodologies for complex
engineering and scientific systems. Research topics may include:
* Data-driven mathematical modelling
* Scientific computing and numerical methods
* Computational mechanics and multiphysics systems
The successful candidate will join a vibrant interdisciplinary
research environment and work at the interface of applied mathematics,
engineering, and artificial intelligence. The project offers
opportunities to collaborate with academic and industrial partners and
to contribute to high-impact research addressing real-world
challenges.
Applicants should hold (or expect to obtain) a Master's degree in
Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Computer Science, Engineering,
Physics, or a closely related discipline. Strong analytical and
programming skills are desirable.
Location: Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
Start Date: 1 September 2026
Funding: Fully funded studentship (tuition fees and stipend)
Further details and application information are available at:
https://www.keele.ac.uk/research/postgraduateresearch/studentships/advancedmathematicalmodellinganalyticalintelligence/
Informal enquiries are welcome and may be directed to Dr Amirreza
Khodadadian (a.khodadadian@keele.ac.uk), School of Computer Science
and Mathematics, Keele University.
Closing date: 15 July 2026
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Ali R. Soheili soheili@um.ac.ir
Date: May 31, 2026
Subject: Contents, Iranian J Numerical Analysis and Optimization, 16 (2)
The Iranian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Optimization (IJNAO)
is pleased to announce that, according to the latest Scimago
Journal Rank (SJR) results, the journal has been promoted from
Quartile 4 (Q4) to Quartile 3 (Q3).
We are also pleased to announce that the latest issue of the
Iranian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Optimization (Volume 16,
Issue 2, June 2026) is now available online.
The Iranian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Optimization (IJNAO)
is indexed in Scopus, has no page charges, and publishes original
papers of high scientific value in all areas of numerical analysis
and optimization. All research articles accepted and published by
IJNAO are immediately freely available online for reading,
downloading, and sharing, without any subscription charges or
registration barriers.
Further information is available on the website:
https://ijnao.um.ac.ir/
1. A solution approach to the multi-level linear fractional
programming problems
Akram Baghalnezhad; Habibe Sadeghi
2. A mathematical model and optimal control analysis of merchant
resistance to E-commerce adoption
Habib Hassouni; Salaheddine Belhdid; Oumaima Aarabate; Omar Balatif
3. Fractal-fractional dynamics of HIV/AIDS: unveiling the
synergistic impact of condoms, prophylaxis, and antiretroviral
interventions for epidemic control
Godwin Onuche Acheneje; Jeremiah Amos; Emmanuel Abah; William
Atokolo; Agbata Benedict Celestine; Kumawat Shyamsunder; A.K.
Awasthi; Bolarinwa Bolaji
4. Finite element analysis of the cross-diffusion three-species
Shigesada-Kawasaki-Teramoto model
Ghufran A. Al-Musawi; Huda A. Challoob; Akil Jassim Harfash
5. Characterizing maximum output sets in fractional-order discrete-
time linear systems utilizing fractional feedback control
AMINE El Bhih
6. Spline-interpolation solution of a plane Stefan problem
Pyotr Ivanshin
7. Local fractional Khalouta transform: Properties and applications
Ali Khalouta
8. A nonmonotone line search method for solving constrained
multiobjective optimization problems
Mehri Rashidi; Esmaile Khorram
9. Design and implementation of a graph-coloring algorithm for
optimizing flight-level allocation in air traffic management in
Iran
Seyed Ali Asghar Mosavi; Ahmad Erfanian; Narjes Sabeghi
10. Fitted-mesh cubic spline methods for layer-dominated singularly
perturbed parabolic problems with non-smooth data
Shegaye Lema Cheru; Gemechis File Duressa; Tariku Birabasa Mekonnen
11. Optimal control and a system of quasi-variational inequalities
Justyna Ogorzaly
12. Mathematical model for an infectious disease with quarantine
Fatemeh Iranzad; Hamidreza Marasi; Hossein Kheiri; Azizeh Jabbari
13. Synchronization and control of discrete incommensurate
fractional-order and variable-order neural networks
Shaher Momani; Iqbal M. Batiha; Amel Hioual; Adel Ouannas
14. Mathematical analysis of a fractional-order influenza model
with resistant and non-resistant strains
Ismail Aamoum; Adil Meskaf; Zakaria Yaagoub; El Mehdi Farah
15. Tailed-Average SGD: A Polyak-Ruppert modification for optimal-
rate constrained optimization
Abdelouakil Fillali; Smail Addoune; Rebiha Zeghdane
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Charley Denton cdenton@aimsciences.org
Date: June 03, 2026
Subject: Contents, AIMS New Volume: CAC Vol. 9
Communications on Analysis and Computation
Volume: 9
September 2026
https://www.aimsciences.org/CAC/article/2026/9/0
Sigmoid mass function generation for multi-ordinal classification model fusion
Shuhui Bi, Yang Cao, Tao Shen, Kang Zhao and Liyao Ma
Factorization method for the biharmonic scattering problem for an absorbing
penetrable scatterer
Rafael Ceja–Ayala, Isaac Harris and General Ozochiawaeze
Fast implementation of nonlinear fractional diffusion equations with time delay
on unbounded spatial domain
Jing Li, Fengping Mao and Zhenrong Chen
A novel analysis of an alternating algorithm for solving the Cauchy problem for a
fractional-order partial differential equation
Abdallah Bradji and Daniel Lesnic
Iterative regularization for an inverse problem of the modified Helmholtz
equation
Jingmei Lu, Bingtao Wang and Qingsong Liu
A two-level Nyström–Schur preconditioner for indefinite least squares problem
Peizhe Li and Kailiang Xin
On the determination of additive source terms in the hyperbolic bio-heat
equation
Nataliia Kinash and Daniel Lesnic
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Irena Lasiecka lasiecka@memphis.edu
Date: May 30, 2026
Subject: Contents EECT vol 21, July 2026
Contents for Evolution Equations and Control, vol 21, July 2026.
1. Heat equation involving generalized p(ξ)-Laplacian with logarithmic
nonlinearity
Javier Quinto Rojas, J. Vanterler da C. Sousa and Nemat Nyamoradi
2026, 21: 1-19. doi: 10.3934/eect.2026031
Abstract(1486) HTML PDF(176)
2. Blow up for nonlinear wave-type equations with perturbed derivatives
Felisia Angela Chiarello, Giovanni Girardi and Sandra Lucente
2026, 21: 20-39. doi: 10.3934/eect.2026032
Abstract(909) HTML PDF(115)
3. Exponential decay for a delayed dispersive-dissipative wave equation with
time dependent coefficients
Waled Al-Khulaifi
2026, 21: 40-48. doi: 10.3934/eect.2026033
Abstract(721) HTML PDF(139)
4. Robust sampled-data sliding mode control for Markov switching
stochastic neutral-type systems with mixed delays and lévy noises
Jayasri Dhandapani, Anbazhagan Neelamegam, Vadivel Rajarathinam,
Mostafa Fazly and Nallappan Gunasekaran
2026, 21: 49-74. doi: 10.3934/eect.2026034
Abstract(1086) HTML PDF(115)
5. Approximate controllability of impulsive fractional neutral hemivariational
inequality with infinite delay via an approximating technique
Xuemei Li, Xinge Liu and Fengzhen Long
2026, 21: 75-111. doi: 10.3934/eect.2026035
Abstract(848) HTML PDF(87)
6.An initial-boundary value problem describing moisture transport in porous
media: Existence of strong solutions and an error estimate for a finite volume
scheme
Akiko Morimura and Toyohiko Aiki
2026, 21: 112-130. doi: 10.3934/eect.2026036
Abstract(505) HTML PDF(65)
7.A new PDE-Constrained optimization applied to image denoising
Zakia Ankhili, Jamal Attmani, Fahd Karami and Driss Meskine
2026, 21: 131-154. doi: 10.3934/eect.2026037
Abstract(1480) HTML PDF(112)
8.Finite-time blow-up of coupled nonlinear asymmetric wave systems with
tempered fractional delay
Luqman Bashir and Jianghao Hao
2026, 21: 155-183. doi: 10.3934/eect.2026038
Abstract(990) HTML PDF(102)
9.Invariant measures and limit behavior for semi-linear neutral stochastic
integro-differential evolution equations with infinite delay
Xiaohui Wang and Xianlong Fu
2026, 21: 184-222. doi: 10.3934/eect.2026039
Abstract(785) HTML PDF(66)
10. Well-posedness, exponential and polynomial decay for a Timoshenko
system with logarithmic nonlinear damping: The cases of equal & nonequal-
speed propagation
Salim A. Messaoudi, Adel M. Al-Mahdi and Manal Alotaibi
2026, 21: 223-243. doi: 10.3934/eect.2026040
Abstract(670) HTML PDF(125)
11.Robust model reductions for the boundary feedback stabilization of
magnetizable piezoelectric beams
Ahmet Kaan Aydin, Ahmet Özkan Özer and Jacob Walterman
2026, 21: 244-276. doi: 10.3934/eect.2026041
Abstract(444) HTML PDF(47)
12. Regularity criteria of strong solutions to the 3-D compressible MHD
system in Lorentz spaces
Wenjing Song, Maozhi Zhang and Yawen Guo
2026, 21: 277-298. doi: 10.3934/eect.2026042
Abstract(888) HTML PDF(69)
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Charley Denton cdenton@aimsciences.org
Date: June 03, 2026
Subject: Contents, AIMS New Volume: EECT Vol. 22
Evolution Equations and Control Theory
Volume: 22
August 2026
https://www.aimsciences.org/eect/article/2026/22/0
Stabilization of 2-D Kirchhoff plate equation with generalized acoustic boundary
conditions
Zainab Abbas, Serge Nicaise, Farah Trad and Ali Wehbe
A source inverse problem for semilinear nonlocal pseudo-parabolic equations
with nonlinear intensity
Nguyen Van Dac
Time optimal control for semi-linear second-order evolution systems with infinite
delay
Hai Huang and Dongxue Yan
Stability analysis of a coupled plate system with nonlinear damping mechanisms
of energy-type
Mohammad M. Al-Gharabli, Adel M. Al-Mahdi and Nasser-eddine Tatar
Blow-up time bounds for a strongly damped wave equation with PINNs
validation
Ahmed Bchatnia, Makram Hamouda and Firas Kaabi
Read more articles here:
https://www.aimsciences.org/eect/article/2026/22/0
-------------------------------------------------------
From: Charley Denton cdenton@aimsciences.org
Date: June 03, 2026
Subject: Contents, AIMS New Volume: IPI Vol. 26
Inverse Problems and Imaging
Volume: 26
January 2027
https://www.aimsciences.org/ipi/article/2027/26/0
Robust penalized dantzig selector: Error analysis, oracle inequalities, and
algorithmic efficiency
Peng Li, Lixin Shen and Kun-Kai Wen
Spectral properties of surface-localized transmission eigenmodes and
applications to inverse scattering problems
Yan Jiang, Hongyu Liu, Kai Zhang and Haoran Zheng
Bayesian inversion of log-normal eikonal equations on Riemannian and Randers
manifolds
Zhan Fei Yeo and Viet Ha Hoang
Color image denoising by deep CNN prior and saturation-value total variation
Wei Wang, Chengyun Yang and Yuming Yang
Partial data stability for the inverse fractional conductivity problem
Giovanni Covi, Antti Kujanpää and Jesse Railo
An efficient proximal algorithm for squared L1 over L2 regularized sparse
recovery
Na Zhang, Hong Chen, Qia Li and Junpeng Zhou
Curve reconstruction in inverse problems: From divergence-measure vector fields
to density Lebesgue measures
Anéva Doliciane Tsafack, Laure Blanc-Féraud and Gilles Aubert
-------------------------------------------------------
End of Digest
**************************